Casual Water in Golf
What is casual water?
Casual water is any temporary accumulation of water visible on the ground that is not inside a penalty area. Puddles in the fairway after rain, water in the rough, water on cart paths — all of this is casual water.
Key point: the water must be visible before or after taking your normal stance for the stroke. If the ground is damp but there is no visible surface water, there is no casual water.
When are you entitled to relief?
You are entitled to free relief when casual water interferes with:
- Your stance (where your feet are positioned when setting up the stroke)
- Your swing area (the path of the club)
- When your ball rests within the casual water
You are not entitled to relief simply because water is on your line of play (between your ball and the target) unless it also affects your stance or swing.
How to take relief: the procedure
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Find the Nearest Point of Complete Relief: the closest point to your ball where there is no longer any interference from the casual water, not nearer the hole, within the corresponding playing area (fairway if you're in fairway, rough if you're in rough).
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Define the drop area: one club length from that point.
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Drop the ball from knee height within the area.
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The ball must stay within the area when it lands. If it rolls outside, drop again.
Casual water on the putting green: special rule
If there is casual water on the green and it is on your line of putt, you are entitled to a different relief: you must place (not drop) the ball at the nearest point of complete relief within the green, no nearer the hole. This may even be off your intended line of putt if that is the nearest available point.
Casual water in a bunker
If your ball is in casual water inside a bunker, you have two options:
- Free relief within the bunker: the nearest point of complete relief, but you must stay inside the bunker.
- Relief outside the bunker with a 1-stroke penalty: on a line from the hole through your ball, dropping outside the bunker.
Common special cases
My feet are in the water but my ball isn't: you are entitled to relief because the water interferes with your stance.
The ball is on dry ground but if I set up to play it my foot lands in the puddle: you are entitled to relief (interference with stance).
The water is only on my line of play but doesn't affect my stance: generally no relief entitlement except on the putting green.
Penalty
None. Relief from casual water is always without penalty.
Tactical advice
Don't assume that just because the ground is wet you're entitled to relief. Check whether the water is visible (not just moisture) before or when you adopt your normal stance. On course after rain, water may appear when you step — that counts as casual water.